什么是FERPA?
1974年的《十大网赌正规网址》(FERPA)有助于保护学生记录的隐私. 该法案规定了检查和审查教育记录的权利, 寻求修改这些记录和限制披露有关记录的信息的权利. 该法案适用于所有接受联邦资助的机构.

哪些人受FERPA保护?
Students who are currently enrolled in higher education institutions or formerly enrolled regardless of their age or status in regard to parental dependency. 该法案将“合格学生”定义为年满18岁或在高等教育机构就读的学生.

什么是教育记录?
Those records directly related to a student and maintained by the institution or by a party acting for the institution are defined as "educational records.不被视为“教育记录”的记录是由制作者单独拥有的记录, 只是用作个人记忆辅助工具吗, and are not accessible or revealed to any other person; law enforcement or campus security records used solely for law enforcement purposes; employment paperwork; records relating to treatment by a physician, psychiatrist or other recognized health professional; records created or obtained after the person is no longer a student at Manchester (i.e. 校友记录).

谁有权获得学生信息?

-学生及经学生书面同意的任何外部人士
-拥有“合法教育利益”的学校官员
-代表大学的代理人
-遵守司法命令或传票，包括 ex parte 美国爱国者法案下的命令
-美国国税局定义的受供养学生的父母

FERPA规定的学生权利

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) affords eligible students certain rights with respect to their education records. (“合资格学生”是指年满18岁或以上或就读于专上院校的学生.)这些权利包括:

1. The right to inspect and review the student's education records within 45 days after the day 十大网赌正规网址 receives a request for access. 学生应向注册主任提交, dean, 学术部门的负责人, 或其他适当的官员, 确定学生希望检查的记录的书面请求. The school official will make arrangements for access and notify the student of the time and place where the records may be inspected. 如果提交申请的学校官员没有保存这些记录, 该官员应告知该学生应向其提出请求的正确官员.
   
   
2. 要求修改学生认为不准确的教育记录的权利, misleading, 或以其他方式侵犯学生在FERPA下的隐私权. A student who wishes to ask 十大网赌正规网址 to amend a record should write the school official responsible for the record, 清楚地指出学生想要更改的记录部分, 并说明为什么要更改它. 如果学校决定不按要求修改记录, the school will notify the student in writing of the decision and the student’s right to a hearing regarding the request for amendment. Additional information regarding the hearing procedures will be provided to the student when notified of the right to a hearing.
   
   
3. The right to provide written consent before the University discloses personally identifiable information from the student's education records, 除非FERPA在未经同意的情况下授权披露. 十大网赌正规网址 discloses education records without a student’s prior written consent under the FERPA exception for disclosure to school officials with legitimate educational interests. 学校官员是十大网赌正规网址行政部门雇用的人员, supervisory, academic, research, or support staff position (including law enforcement unit personnel and health staff); a person serving on the board of trustees; or a student serving on an official committee, 比如纪律委员会或申诉委员会. A school official also may include a volunteer or contractor outside of 十大网赌正规网址 who performs an institutional service of function for which the school would otherwise use its own employees and who is under the direct control of the school with respect to the use and maintenance of personally identifiable information from education records, 比如律师, auditor, 或者是催收代理人，或者是一个学生自愿协助另一个学校官员完成他或她的任务. A school official has a legitimate educational interest if the official needs to review an education record in order to fulfill his or her professional responsibilities for 十大网赌正规网址. 
   
   
4. 保留目录信息的权利——这些信息通常被认为是公共信息. The following items may be made available at the institution’s discretion and without student authorization unless students notify the Registrar’s Office by the first day of Fall Semester classes each year that they wish this information be withheld. 目录信息包括:

   -name
   -mailing 地址(家庭和校园)
   -曼彻斯特电子邮件地址
   -电话号码(家庭、手机和校园)
   -主修领域
   -分类及入学情况
   -出席日期
   -毕业日期及所授学位
   -荣誉及奖励
   -出生日期和地点
   -活动和运动队的参与
   -身体因素(学生运动员体重、身高)
   
   

5. 向美国政府提出申诉的权利.S. 教育部对十大网赌正规网址未能遵守FERPA要求的指控.管理FERPA的办公室的名称和地址是:
   
   

   家庭政策遵从处
   U.S. 教育部
   马里兰大道400号，西南
   华盛顿特区，20202

未经学生同意披露个人身份信息

FERPA允许从学生的教育记录中披露个人身份信息, 未经学生同意, 如果披露符合§99中的某些条件.FERPA条例第31条. 除了向学校官员披露, 与某些司法命令或合法发出的传票有关的披露, 目录信息的披露, 以及对学生的披露, §99.FERPA条例第32条要求机构记录披露. 符合条件的学生有权检查和审查披露记录. 专上院校 may disclose personally identifiable information from the education records without obtaining prior written consent of the student:

• 致其他学校官员, 包括教师, 在十大网赌正规网址内被学校认定有合法教育利益的人. 这包括承包商, consultants, volunteers, 或学校将机构服务或职能外包给的其他各方, 前提是§99所列的条件.符合第31(a)(1)(i)(B)(1) - (a)(1)(i)(B)(2)条. (§99.31(a)(1))
  
  
• 致该学生寻求或打算入学的另一所学校的官员, 或者在学生已经入学的情况下，如果披露的目的与学生的入学或转学有关, 根据§99的要求.34. (§99.31(a)(2))
  
  
• 给美国的授权代表. S. 美国总审计长. S. 司法部长，美国.S. 教育部长, 或州和地方教育当局, 比如负责监督大学国家支持的教育项目的国家高等教育机构. 可根据§99的要求进行本条款下的披露.35, 与联邦或州支持的教育项目的审计或评估有关, 或执行或遵守与这些项目有关的联邦法律要求. These entities may make further disclosures of personally identifiable information to outside entities that are designated by them as their authorized representatives to conduct any audit, evaluation, 或代表他们执行或遵守活动. (§§99.31(a)(3)及99.35)
  
  
• 与学生已申请或已收到的经济援助有关, 如果这些信息是决定是否有资格获得援助所必需的, 确定援助的数额, 确定援助的条件, 或者执行援助的条款和条件. (§99.31(a)(4))
  
  
• 组织进行研究, 或代表, the school, 为了:(a)发展, validate, or administer predictive tests; (b) administer student aid programs; or (c) improve instruction. (§99.31(a)(6))
  
  
• 授权认可机构履行其认可职能. ((§99.31(a)(7))
  
  
• 符合条件的学生的父母，如果学生是美国国税局的税务目的的受抚养人. (§99.31(a)(8))
  
  
• 遵从司法命令或合法发出的传票. (§99.31(a)(9))
  
  
• 与健康或安全紧急情况有关的适当官员，受§99的约束.36. (§99.31(a)(10))
  
  
• 学校在§99中指定为“目录信息”的信息.37. (§99.31(a)(11))
  
  
• 致暴力犯罪或非暴力性犯罪嫌疑人的受害者, 根据§99的要求.39. 披露的内容只能包括对所指控的罪行或违法行为的纪律处分程序的最终结果, 不管结果如何. (§99.31(a)(13))
  
  
• 向公众开放, 纪律处分程序的最终结果, 根据§99的要求.39, if the school determines the student is an alleged perpetrator of a crime of violence or non-forcible sex offense and the student has committed a violation of the school’s rules or policies with respect to the allegation made against him or her. (§99.31(a)(14))
  
  
• 给学生家长关于学生违反联邦规定, State, 或者当地法律, 或者违反学校的任何规定或政策, governing the use or possession of alcohol or a controlled substance if the school determines the student committed a disciplinary violation and the student is under the age of 21. (§99.31(a)(15))

FERPA年度公告附录

截至2012年1月3日，美国财政部已宣布.S. 教育部's FERPA regulations expand the circumstances under which your education records and personally identifiable information (PII) contained in such records - including your Social Security Number, grades, 或其他私人信息-可能未经您的同意而被访问. 首先，美国.S. 美国总审计长.S. 司法部长，美国.S. 教育部长, or state and local education authorities ("Federal and State Authorities" may allow access to your records and PII without your consent to any third party designated by a Federal or State Authority to evaluate a federal-or state-supported education program. 评估可以涉及任何“主要从事提供教育”的项目,比如幼儿教育和职业培训, 以及任何由教育机构或机构管理的课程. Second, Federal and State Authorities may allow access to your education records and PII without your consent to researchers performing certain types of studies, 在某些情况下，即使我们反对或不要求进行此类研究. Federal and State Authorities must obtain certain use-restriction and data security promises from the entities that they authorize to receive your PII, 但当局不需要对这些实体保持直接控制. In addition, 与全州纵向数据系统有关, 国家当局可以收取, compile, 永久保留, 在未经您同意的情况下分享您的教育记录中的个人信息, and they may track your participation in education and other programs by linking such PII to other personal information about you that they obtain from other Federal or State data sources, 包括劳动力发展, 失业保险, 儿童福利, 少年司法, 服兵役, 以及移民学生档案系统.

有关FERPA的问题应提交给行政大楼134室的书记官长办公室, by email (registrar@radio-starexpress.net)或致电260982-5234查询.